Evaluation of diabetic changes in the retina in type I diabetes mellitus after 15 to 20 years of its diagnosis

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is differentiated into two main types. They are non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The presence or absence of aberrant new blood vessels is the differentiating characteristic between these two groups (retinal or optic disc neovascularization). The ischemic retina secretes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We conducted a study to evaluate the diabetic changes in the retina in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after 15 to 20 years of its diagnosis using Fundus Fluorescein Angiography & Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography & Optical Coherence Tomography. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort clinical study conducted on T1DM patients. Results & Conclusion: The most frequent FFA finding was Microaneurysms (51.7%), followed by Cystoid macular edema (CME) (24.1%), while the least frequent findings were an artifact, neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (3.4% for each). The most frequent OCTA finding was mean FAZ(0.32±0.09mm²) while mean SVD(46.2±4.6%) while mean DVD (46.1±5.6%).The most frequent OCT finding was epi-retinal membrane (16.7%), followed by exudate (13.3%) and intraretinal cyst (10.0%), while the least frequent finding was parafoveal macular edema (3.3%).
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is differentiated into two main types. They are non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The presence or absence of aberrant new blood vessels is the differentiating characteristic between these two groups (retinal or optic disc neovascularization). The ischemic retina secretes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We conducted a study to evaluate the diabetic changes in the retina in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after 15 to 20 years of its diagnosis using Fundus Fluorescein Angiography & Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography & Optical Coherence Tomography. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort clinical study conducted on T1DM patients. Results & Conclusion: The most frequent FFA finding was Microaneurysms (51.7%), followed by Cystoid macular edema (CME) (24.1%), while the least frequent findings were an artifact, neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (3.4% for each). The most frequent OCTA finding was mean FAZ(0.32±0.09mm2) while mean SVD(46.2±4.6%) while mean DVD (46.1±5.6%).The most frequent OCT finding was epi-retinal membrane (16.7%), followed by exudate (13.3%) and intraretinal cyst (10.0%), while the least frequent finding was parafoveal macular edema (3.3%).