Tear and Aqueous Humor Biomarkers in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

El-Safy, Esraa Gamal; Elshayeb, Ashraf; Kamal, Osama; Salem, Tamer; Kamal, Omnia

doi:10.21608/bjas.2025.345028.1555

Tear and Aqueous Humor Biomarkers in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Document Type : Original Research Papers

Authors

¹ Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine - Benha University

² Professor of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine - Benha University

³ Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine - Benha University

⁴ Professor of Medical and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine - Benha University

10.21608/bjas.2025.345028.1555

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma are structural and functional landmarks of optic nerve degeneration (OND), a kind of progressive ocular disease. OND presents itself in the ocular fundus as optic disc cupping as a result of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and the corresponding visual field (VF) defects (1-3). One of the leading causes of permanent blindness on a worldwide scale, glaucoma is a neurological illness that impacts millions of people. Age is associated with an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Europe. As the European population ages, the likelihood of POAG will increase due to the increased strength of the elderly population. Additional research, particularly focussing on biomarkers, is needed to clarify the function of inflammation in the pathophysiology of POAG. One of the most convenient and non-invasive ways to test for glaucoma biomarkers is using tears. The pathogenesis of the illness and the impact of topical treatments on inflammatory processes may be better understood if inflammatory biomarkers in tears could be identified and correlated with cytokines in the aqueous humour. Goal: The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humour and tears as indicators of primary open angle glaucoma. Final thoughts: Biomarkers have attracted a lot of attention from scientists and clinicians looking for solutions to these problems, and there are a lot of substances that might be used as biomarkers.

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