Document Type : Original Research Papers
Authors
Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting individuals of all ages, with a significant impact on quality of life. It results from increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes proliferation, and an inflammatory response. Despite the availability of numerous treatments, acne management remains challenging due to antibiotic resistance, patient adherence issues, and variable treatment responses. Emerging therapies, including biologics, androgen receptor inhibitors, and microbiome-targeted treatments, offer new possibilities for improving outcomes.
Objective: This narrative review provides a comprehensive evaluation of current and emerging acne treatments, including topical and systemic therapies, adjunctive procedures, and investigational approaches. Special considerations, such as acne in pregnancy, skin of color, and refractory cases, are also addressed.
Methods: A literature review was conducted, analyzing clinical studies, systematic reviews, and advancements in acne treatment. The review discusses the efficacy, safety, and limitations of topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, hormonal agents, isotretinoin, biologics, and novel interventions.
Conclusion: While existing therapies are effective, antibiotic resistance and treatment variability necessitate ongoing research. Personalized medicine, integrating genetic and microbiome-based approaches, may revolutionize acne treatment, optimizing outcomes and minimizing adverse effects.
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