Melasma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Picture and Treatment Lines Overview

Document Type : Original Research Papers

Authors

Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Andrology Faculty of medicine-Benha University

Abstract

The appearance of many people can be drastically altered by melasma, a pigmented skin condition that affects a large portion of the population. This condition is characterized by symmetric hyperpigmentation and manifests as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on the face, specifically the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, upper lip, mandible, and upper arms. Skin inflammation (as in contact dermatitis and aesthetic operations) and environmental (sunlight) and hormonal (pregnancy, sex hormones) variables all contribute to this condition in those who are already genetically prone to it. A localized hypermelanogenic phenotype is induced and maintained by an interplay of structural and functional changes in the upper dermis, basement membrane, and epidermis in melasma-affected skin, in addition to hyperfunctional melanocytes. Treatment results are not always considered adequate, and melasma care is difficult because of the complicated etiology and recurrence of the condition. Recurrence may be caused by sun exposure, thus treating hyperpigmentation alone may not be beneficial unless combined with regenerative methods and photoprotection. Thus, the treatment plan begins with risk factor management and the implementation of strong UV protection measures. Subsequently, several techniques like as topical treatments, chemical peels, laser and light therapies, microneedling, and systemic therapy are used. The purpose of this paper is to provide a synopsis of melasma's pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic options.

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Benha Journal of Applied Sciences
Volume 10, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Medical and Health Sciences:
January 2025
Pages 31-39

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